The Basque Country

The Basque Country, known as Euskadi in the Basque language and País Vasco in Spanish is a unique region located in the northern part of Spain and southwestern France. It is characterized by its distinct language, rich cultural heritage, stunning landscapes, and a strong sense of identity.

Geography and Landscape

The Basque Country spans across parts of northern Spain and southwestern France, divided into two main areas:

• Spanish Basque Country: Comprising three provinces—Álava (Araba), Gipuzkoa, and Biscay (Bizkaia). Major cities include Bilbao, San Sebastián (Donostia), and Vitoria-Gasteiz, the latter being the capital of the Basque Autonomous Community.

• French Basque Country: Part of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, including towns such as Biarritz, Bayonne,

  and Saint-Jean-de-Luz.

The landscape of the Basque Country is incredibly diverse, featuring:

• Coastal Areas: The region boasts a rugged coastline with beautiful beaches, cliffs, and fishing villages. San Sebastián and Biarritz are particularly famous for their stunning coastal scenery and excellent surfing conditions.

• Mountains: The Pyrenees Mountains form a dramatic backdrop, offering numerous hiking and skiing opportunities.

• Green Valleys and Forests: Inland, you'll find lush green valleys and dense forests, ideal for hiking and nature exploration.

Language and Culture

• Basque Language (Euskara): One of the oldest languages in Europe, Euskara is a unique and non-Indo-European language. While Spanish and French are the official languages, Euskara is widely spoken and taught in schools in the Basque regions.

• Cultural Identity: The Basque people have a strong sense of cultural identity, with a rich tradition of folklore, music, dance, and festivals. Traditional Basque sports, such as pelota (a ball game similar to handball), are also popular.

• Festivals: The region hosts numerous festivals throughout the year, celebrating everything from traditional music and dance to local cuisine. The San Fermín festival in Pamplona, featuring the famous running of the bulls, is one of the most well-known.

Major Cities and Attractions

Spain

Bilbao (Bilbo)

• Guggenheim Museum: An iconic contemporary art museum designed by Frank Gehry.

• Casco Viejo (Old Town): A charming area with narrow streets and historic buildings.

San Sebastián (Donostia)

• La Concha Beach: Often considered one of the most beautiful urban beaches in Europe.

• Parte Vieja (Old Town): Known for its vibrant nightlife and pintxo bars.

• Monte Igueldo: Offers panoramic views of the city and the Bay of Biscay.

Vitoria-Gasteiz

• Plaza de la Virgen Blanca: A central square surrounded by historic buildings.

• Cathedral of Santa María: A Gothic cathedral with impressive architecture.

Pamplona (Iruña)

• Running of the Bulls (San Fermín Festival): Famous annual event in July.

• Pamplona Cathedral: A Gothic cathedral with impressive architecture and historical significance.

Zarautz

• Zarautz Beach: Known for its consistent waves and vibrant surf culture.

• Getaria: A charming fishing village nearby with beautiful coastal views.

Hondarribia

• Historic Old Town: Cobblestone streets and well-preserved medieval architecture.

• Hondarribia Beach: A popular spot for swimming and sunbathing.

France

Biarritz

• Grande Plage: A popular beach for surfing and sunbathing.

• Rocher de la Vierge: A rock formation offering stunning views of the coastline.

• Biarritz Aquarium: Features a variety of marine life and exhibits on local marine history.

Bayonne

• Cathédrale Sainte-Marie: A Gothic cathedral with impressive architecture and beautiful stained glass windows.

• Musée Basque et de l'Histoire de Bayonne: Museum showcasing Basque culture and the history of Bayonne with traditional artifacts.

• Les Halles de Bayonne: A vibrant market hall offering local produce, meats, cheeses, and regional specialties.

Saint-Jean-de-Luz

• Grande Plage: A sandy beach ideal for swimming, sunbathing, and water sports, with a charming promenade.

• Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste: Historic church known for its ornate wooden altar and the wedding of King Louis XIV.

• Port of Saint-Jean-de-Luz: A picturesque harbor with colorful fishing boats and waterfront restaurants serving fresh seafood.

Hendaye

• Hendaye Beach: A long sandy beach perfect for swimming and surfing.

• Château d'Abbadie: A neo-Gothic castle with beautiful gardens and panoramic views.

Espelette

• Red Peppers: Known for its famous red peppers, which are dried and hung on the facades of houses.

• Traditional Basque Houses: Charming architecture and vibrant local culture.

Local Cuisine

Basque cuisine is renowned for its rich flavors, high-quality ingredients, and culinary traditions that blend Spanish and French influences with local specialties. The region's cuisine is characterized by its emphasis on fresh, locally sourced ingredients, seafood, meats, vegetables, and traditional cooking methods.

Famous Basque Dishes

Pintxos

• Description: Pintxos are small, flavorful snacks typically served in bars, similar to tapas. They are usually skewered with a toothpick and served atop slices of bread.

• Popular Varieties:

  • Gilda: A combination of anchovy, olive, and pickled green pepper.

  • Bacalao: Salted cod served with various toppings.

  • Txistorra: A type of Basque sausage.

Txangurro

• Description: A dish made from spider crab, often prepared with onions, tomatoes, and brandy, then baked in the crab shell.

Bacalao a la Vizcaína

• Description: Salted cod in a rich sauce made from red peppers, onions, garlic, and tomatoes. It is a traditional dish from the Biscay province.

Marmitako

• Description: A hearty tuna and potato stew flavored with onions, peppers, and tomatoes, originally prepared by Basque fishermen.

Piperade

• Description: A Basque dish made with sautéed peppers, tomatoes, and onions, often served with eggs or ham. It is seasoned with Espelette pepper, a key ingredient in Basque cuisine.

Txuleta

• Description: A large, bone-in rib steak, typically grilled over an open flame. It is known for its rich flavor and tenderness.

Basque Cheesecake (Tarta de Queso)

• Description: A creamy and slightly burnt cheesecake that is crustless and known for its rich, caramelized flavor.

Beverages

Txakoli

• Description: A slightly sparkling, dry white wine produced in the Basque Country, often enjoyed with seafood. It has a crisp, acidic taste and is usually served young.

Basque Cider (Sagardoa)

• Description: A traditional Basque cider with a tart flavor. It is often poured from a height to aerate it and is typically served in cider houses.

Red Wines (Rioja Alavesa)

• Description: The Rioja Alavesa region produces some of the finest red wines in Spain. These wines are known for their depth, complexity, and aging potential.

Dining Culture

Pintxo Bars

• Description: Pintxo bars are a cornerstone of Basque social life. Patrons often hop from one bar to another, sampling different pintxos and enjoying drinks with friends and family.

Cider Houses (Sagardotegi)

• Description: Traditional cider houses offer a unique dining experience where large communal tables are set up, and diners enjoy cider straight from the barrel, along with a set menu featuring dishes like cod omelet, fried fish, and grilled steak.

Michelin-Starred Restaurants

• Description: The Basque Country is home to several Michelin-starred restaurants, including Arzak, Mugaritz, and Akelarre. These restaurants combine traditional Basque ingredients with innovative cooking techniques to create world-class dining experiences.

Practical Information

Best Time to Visit

• Spring and Summer (May to September): These are the best months to visit the Basque Country. The weather is warm and pleasant, making it ideal for outdoor activities, beach visits, and festivals.

• Autumn (October and November): This is a great time to enjoy the fall foliage and harvest festivals. The weather is still mild, though it can be wetter.

• Winter (December to February): The winter months are cooler and wetter, but it’s a good time for indoor activities, museum visits, and enjoying hearty Basque cuisine.

Language

• Basque (Euskara): While Spanish (Castilian) and French are widely spoken, knowing a few basic Basque phrases can enhance your experience and show respect for the local culture.

  • Hello: Kaixo

  • Thank you: Eskerrik asko

  • Please: Mesedez

• Spanish and French: Spanish is predominant in the Spanish Basque Country, and French is spoken in the French Basque Country. Learn a few basic phrases in both languages for smoother interactions.

Local Etiquette

• Greeting Locals: A friendly "Kaixo" or "Hola" goes a long way. In smaller villages, it's customary to greet people you pass on the street.

• Dining: Meals are leisurely affairs. Don’t rush your dining experience and enjoy the different courses. Tipping is appreciated but not obligatory; rounding up the bill is common.

Getting Around

• Public Transport: The Basque Country has an efficient public transport system, including buses, trains, and trams. Euskotren connects major cities like Bilbao and San Sebastián.

  
  

• Driving Rules: Both countries drive on the right side of the road. Be aware of speed limits and traffic regulations, which can vary slightly between Spain and France.

• Car Rentals: Renting a car is a great option for exploring the region. Ensure your rental agreement allows cross-border travel if you plan to drive between Spain and France.

Accommodation

• Book in Advance: Popular cities like San Sebastián and Bilbao can get crowded, especially during festivals. Book your accommodation well in advance.

• Stay in Rural Areas: For a more authentic experience, consider staying in rural guesthouses or agritourism accommodations.

Travel and Border Crossing

• Schengen Area: Both Spain and France are part of the Schengen Area, which means there are no border checks when traveling between these countries. You can freely move across the Basque regions.

• Public Transport: Use Euskotren for convenient travel between Spanish Basque cities and TER trains for French Basque towns. Buses and car rentals are also good options for cross-border travel.

The Basque Country is a region of stunning natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and exceptional cuisine. Whether you're exploring the vibrant cities of Bilbao and San Sebastián, hiking in the Pyrenees, or savoring world-class cuisine, the Basque Country offers a unique and unforgettable travel experience. Enjoy the diverse landscapes, rich traditions, and warm hospitality of this remarkable region.